IP2 (CP 311) TEST 1 2025-2026

Question One

A hospital wants to implement a patient appointment management system. Each patient has a patient ID, name, and phone number, and each appointment includes an appointment date, the doctor’s name, and the patient ID. You are required to create an abstract Person class and extend it to form a Patient class, implement an Appointment class that receives the database connection through dependency injection, write a method to book an appointment and store it in the database, and demonstrate polymorphism by displaying patient details differently for an administrator view and a receptionist view.
(20 Marks)

Answer (Click to show)

To implement a Patient Appointment Management System, the following classes are required: i. Person (Abstract Class)

Represents a general person.

Contains common attributes like name.

Has an abstract method displayDetails() to support polymorphism.

ii. Patient (Child Class)

Extends the Person class.

Contains patientID and phone.

Implements the abstract method differently depending on system view.

iii. Appointment Class

Handles appointment booking.

Receives a database connection through Dependency Injection.

Stores appointment details in the database.

See the Code Below:

// 1. ABSTRACT PERSON CLASS(Person.php)
<?php
 
abstract class Person {
 
    protected $name;  // Store person's name
 
    // Constructor to initialize name
    public function __construct($name){
        $this->name = $name;
    }
 
    // Abstract method to demonstrate polymorphism
    abstract public function displayDetails();
}
 
 
 
// 2. PATIENT CLASS (EXTENDS PERSON)(Patient.php)
class Patient extends Person {
 
    private $patientID;
    private $phone;
 
    // Constructor initializes patient details
    public function __construct($patientID, $name, $phone){
        parent::__construct($name); // Call parent constructor
        $this->patientID = $patientID;
        $this->phone = $phone;
    }
 
    // Admin view (shows all details)
    public function displayAdminView(){
        echo "Admin View: <br>";
        echo "Patient ID: ".$this->patientID."<br>";
        echo "Name: ".$this->name."<br>";
        echo "Phone: ".$this->phone."<br>";
    }
 
    // Receptionist view (limited details)
    public function displayReceptionView(){
        echo "Reception View: <br>";
        echo "Name: ".$this->name."<br>";
        echo "Phone: ".$this->phone."<br>";
    }
 
    // Implementation of abstract method
    public function displayDetails(){
        $this->displayReceptionView();
    }
 
    // Getter for patient ID (used during appointment booking)
    public function getPatientID(){
        return $this->patientID;
    }
}
 
 
// 3. APPOINTMENT CLASS(Appointment.php)
class Appointment {
 
    private $pdo; // Database connection (Dependency Injection)
 
    // Constructor receives database connection
    public function __construct($pdo){
        $this->pdo = $pdo;
    }
 
    // Method to book an appointment
    public function bookAppointment($date, $doctor, $patientID){
 
        // SQL query using prepared statement
        $sql = "INSERT INTO appointments (appointment_date, doctor_name, patient_id)
                VALUES (:date, :doctor, :patientID)";
 
        // Prepare statement
        $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($sql);
 
        // Bind parameters
        $stmt->bindParam(":date", $date);
        $stmt->bindParam(":doctor", $doctor);
        $stmt->bindParam(":patientID", $patientID);
 
        // Execute query
        if($stmt->execute()){
            echo "Appointment booked successfully.<br>";
        } else {
            echo "Failed to book appointment.<br>";
        }
    }
}
 
 
// 4. DATABASE CLASS(Database.php)
class Database {
 
    private $pdo;
    private $dsn = "mysql:host=localhost;dbname=hospital";
    private $dbusername = "root";
    private $dbpassword = ""
 
    // Constructor creates database connection
    public function __construct(){
        try{
            $this->pdo = new PDO($dsn,$dbusername,$dbpassword);
            $this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
        }catch(PDOException $e){
            echo "Connection failed: ".$e->getMessage();
        }
    }
 
    // Method to return the PDO object
    public function getConnection(){
        return $this->pdo;
    }
}
 
 
 
// 5.DEMONSTRATION(index.php)
 
 
//Create a Database Object
$db = new Database();
 
//Get a PDO connection
$pdo = $db->getConnection();
 
// Create patient object
$patient = new Patient(101, "John Doe", "0712345678");
 
// Demonstrate polymorphism
$patient->displayAdminView();
echo "<br>";
$patient->displayReceptionView();
 
 
// Create appointment object (Dependency Injection)
$appointment = new Appointment($pdo);
 
// Book appointment
$appointment->bookAppointment("2026-03-10", "Dr. Smith", $patient->getPatientID());
 
?>

Question Two

Amazon College is set to launch a web system designed to automate its business processes, developed using PHP and MySQL. This system features a database server at IP Address 10.10.10.1, where the “amazon_db” database is hosted, alongside a code server at IP Address 10.10.10.2. After the system has been deployed it was observed that the performance was poor as the system loads very slowly especially when the information are retrieved from the server. To address these issues the implementation of AJAX technology is proposed, enabling asynchronous data loading to improve response times. Assume the goal is to retrieve information from the “student” table, including fields such as First Name, Last Name, Program, Gender, and Registration Number. Write a script hosted at the source code server to show how you connect to the database, load data from the server using AJAX and display to the client in a table format. Use jQuery methods to send the AJAX requests. For database access, the credentials are: username “amazon_college” and password “amazon_123”.

(15 Marks)

Answer(Click to Show)

i. System Summary:

Database Server: 10.10.10.1

Code Server: 10.10.10.2

Database Name: amazon_db

Table: student

ii. Fields Retrieved:

First Name

Last Name

Program

Gender

Registration Number

iii. The implementation involves three components:

HTML interface

jQuery AJAX request

PHP script to fetch data from the database

Code : i. HTML Interface with AJAX (index.html)

This page runs on the source code server (10.10.10.2) and requests student data asynchronously.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
 
<title>Amazon College Students</title>
 
<!-- Load jQuery library -->
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>
 
<script>
 
$(document).ready(function(){
 
    // When button is clicked, AJAX request is sent
    $("#loadData").click(function(){
 
        $.ajax({
 
            url: "fetch_students.php",   // PHP script to fetch data
            type: "GET",                 // HTTP request type
 
            success: function(response){
                // Display returned data inside the table body
                $("#studentTable tbody").html(response);
            },
 
            error: function(){
                alert("Error loading data from server");
            }
 
        });
 
    });
 
});
 
</script>
 
</head>
 
<body>
 
<h2>Amazon College Student Records</h2>
 
<!-- Button to trigger AJAX request -->
<button id="loadData">Load Student Data</button>
 
<br><br>
 
<!-- Table to display results -->
<table border="1" id="studentTable">
 
<thead>
<tr>
<th>First Name</th>
<th>Last Name</th>
<th>Program</th>
<th>Gender</th>
<th>Registration Number</th>
</tr>
</thead>
 
<tbody>
<!-- AJAX will load data here -->
</tbody>
 
</table>
 
</body>
</html>

ii. PHP Script to Fetch Data (fetch_students.php)

This script runs on the code server (10.10.10.2) and connects to the database server 10.10.10.1.

<?php
// 1. DATABASE CONNECTION
 
// Database server details
$host = "10.10.10.1";
$dbname = "amazon_db";
$username = "amazon_college";
$password = "amazon_123";
 
try{
 
    // Create PDO connection
    $pdo = new PDO("mysql:host=$host;dbname=$dbname",$username,$password);
 
    // Enable error reporting
    $pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
 
}catch(PDOException $e){
 
    // Display error if connection fails
    echo "Database Connection Failed: " . $e->getMessage();
}
 
 
 
//2.  FETCH DATA FROM STUDENT TABLE
 
 
// SQL query to retrieve students
$sql = "SELECT first_name, last_name, program, gender, reg_number FROM student";
 
// Prepare query
$stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);
 
// Execute query
$stmt->execute();
 
// Fetch all records
$students = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
 
 
 
//3. DISPLAY DATA AS TABLE ROWS
 
 
// Loop through results and output table rows
foreach($students as $row){
 
    echo "<tr>";
 
    echo "<td>".$row['first_name']."</td>";
    echo "<td>".$row['last_name']."</td>";
    echo "<td>".$row['program']."</td>";
    echo "<td>".$row['gender']."</td>";
    echo "<td>".$row['reg_number']."</td>";
 
    echo "</tr>";
}
 
?>

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